Direct vs Indirect Characterisation
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single human in possession of frenzied life, seeking amicability, must be in want of a good book.
You instantly think of Fitzwilliam Darcy when you read this intro, don’t you? Well, that’s the potential of characterisation. It not only impacts your judgement about the characters but also gives you a brief insight into the storyline and what to expect from the book. Whether it’s direct or indirect characterisation, both play a crucial role in curating a compelling narrative for aspiring writers that shapes the story. So, let’s dive into the topic.
What is Direct Characterisation?
Saying that direct characterisation is the character’s introduction wouldn’t be entirely wrong. Since we started with the opening line of Pride and Prejudice, let’s take an example of direct characterisation from that book: “Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character.”
So, you can see that instead of revealing personality traits through dialogue and scenes, Jane Austen has directly listed them.
If we talk about the key features of direct characterisation:
- You will find explicit descriptions.
- The third person generally introduces the characters, allowing you to hear the narrator’s voice.
- They are often introduced with the help of adjectives, labels, or direct statements.
What is Indirect Characterisation?
Think of a classroom where a child doesn’t speak much, but is always punctual, has excellent attendance, scores well, and is polite. What perception do you form of this child, even though he doesn’t speak much about himself? He is obedient, right? That’s the role of indirect characterisation when writing a character. An author reveals what the character is like through dialogue, how they talk, their thoughts, their impact on people, their behaviour, and their physical description.
Let’s take another example of Pride and Prejudice when Darcy says, “She is intolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me.” This reveals Darcy’s pride and class-consciousness through dialogue.
Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Characterisation
Although both direct and indirect characterisation work differently, they play a crucial role in shaping the storyline. So, let’s compare both types of characterisation, and then you can decide which writing style fits you well.
- Approach: In direct characterisation, the author directly introduces the characters using third-person narratives and adjectives. On the other hand, indirect characterisation focuses on the actions rather than the words. The characters are revealed through dialogue and situations.
- Pace: Direct characterisation is often fast-paced; the author quickly explains who the character is and what they bring to the table. On the contrary, indirect characterisation builds gradually; the author takes time to reveal the real intentions and behaviour of the characters.
- Depth: If you compare, you will see that the information provided in direct characterisation is shallow, offering basic details, like their behaviour, likes, and dislikes. However, in an indirect characterisation, you see multiple layers of a character — their deep regrets, mindsets, what they want, their strategies behind their actions — it’s nuanced.
- Strength: Direct characterisation offers a clear picture of the characters; however, you will have to immerse yourself in the story to comprehend the indirect characterisation, as the characters reveal their true nature with time.
- Risk: Direct characterisation may feel like telling, and it could be less engaging for the readers. Indirect characterisation may confuse people if you overdo it. Therefore, balance is the key when writing characters.
- Best For: Direct characterisations are best for minor characteristics. But indirect characterisation is suitable for the protagonist and complex characters.
Real-World Examples
So far, we have understood the meaning of direct and indirect characterisation. Let’s comprehend it better with the help of a real-world example.
Direct Characterisation
Anna Todd’s After, originally a fan fiction, was the most talked-about series and book; it still is. The book captured the readers through its intriguing storytelling, compelling characters, and a plot that every teenager falls for. If we have to take one example of direct characterisation from this book, then it could be “Hardin Scott is rude, cruel, and completely irresistible.” Here, the author has deftly elucidated Hardin’s reckless behaviour. The readers are served with his exact personality traits in this line.
Indirect Characterisation
Durjoy Datta’s book, Of course I Love You…! Till I Find Someone Better… deftly elucidates the concept of indirect characterisation. Here, the author has prohibited himself from outrightly saying that Deb is insecure and emotionally confused. Instead, his character constantly overthinks relationships, compares himself to others, and makes impulsive decisions driven by the fear of being alone. His thoughts, actions, and reactions speak to what type of person he is without actually spelling it out.
Also, check – 7 Types of Characters in Fiction
On a Parting Note
Characterisation is crucial for both writers and readers, as it shapes how writers bring stories to life and how readers engage with them. It adds depth, realism, and builds emotional engagement. Direct characterisation grabs attention, but indirect retains it. It’s a dynamic duo that makes the story engaging and a best-seller.
